General Fish Stocking Recommendations

by Mike Robinson February 13, 2017

Every pond is different, and there is no single way to go about stocking or maintaining your fish population. However, there are rough general fish stocking recommendations and guidelines that will give you an idea of possible stocking scenarios. The stocking options listed below are for ponds in the Upper Midwest (e.g. Wisconsin and Illinois) that are approximately 1 acre in size (43,560 square feet) and at least 8 feet deep. These numbers can be adapted to ponds down to 1/4 surface acre by multiplying the number of fish recommended by the fraction of a surface acre. Likewise, you can multiply the number of fish by the number of acres for ponds up to 5 acres. Remember, these are rough recommendations, and they do not work well for very small or very large water bodies. If your pond is in Wisconsin or Illinois, you can request a Fish Stocking Recommendation by sending us a little information.

Largemouth Bass & Bluegill, Option 1

50 to 100 lbs of Fathead Minnows or Tuffies
400 3-5” Bluegill
80 2-4” or 5-8” Largemouth Bass
Optional: 50 to 100 4-12” Channel Catfish

This option is quoted on the Fish Stocking Packages page. This is a “one time” stocking designed to put in place the species required to set up a self-sustaining food chain. The idea is that the Bluegill will reproduce to provide food for the Bass, and the Minnows will feed the Bass until the Bluegill spawn. Go with the higher amount of minnows if you choose the 5-8″ bass. Channel Catfish, which will most likely not reproduce, will not help or hurt this stocking combo if kept below 100 per surface acre. If you want to maintain Channel Catfish, you should restock 50 per surface acre every few years, or more often if they are fished for. Bass and Bluegill should be monitored for growth rates and relative abundance. If one or the other begins to stunt or become overabundant, email us at info@keystonehatcheries.com for advice.

Largemouth Bass & Bluegill, Budget Option

100 to 200 3-5” Bluegill stocked in the spring
10 lbs of Tuffies stocked in the spring
80 2-4” or 5-8” Largemouth Bass stocked in the fall
Optional: 50 to 100 4-12” Channel Catfish stocked in the fall

This is the same plan as described above, but by stocking the Bluegill and minnows in the spring and the Bass in the fall, you can stock a lot less Bluegill and minnows. This can save you a substantial amount of money, but you may have to pay extra for delivery if you are not picking the fish up.

Hybrid Bluegill Option

50 to 100 lbs of Fathead Minnows or Tuffies
300-500 2-3" or 3-5” Hybrid Bluegill
50 2-4” or 5-8” Largemouth Bass
Optional: 50 to 100 4-12” Channel Catfish

This stocking plan virtually eliminates the possibility of Bluegill overpopulation, but it does add a dependence on restocking Minnows & Hybrid Bluegill. Read the article Bluegill vs. Hybrid Bluegill for more information. If you stock the smaller Hybrid Bluegill, be sure to also stock the smaller Bass. Also, go with the higher amount of Minnows if you choose the larger Bass.

Smallmouth Bass & Pumpkinseed Option

50 to 100 lbs of Fathead Minnows or Tuffies
400 2-3” or 3-5″ Pumpkinseed
80 2-4”, 4-6″ or 6-8” Smallmouth Bass

If you have a new pond that has rocky/sandy bottom, and want to try something unique, consider the Smallmouth Bass and Pumpkinseed Option. It’s a tricky thing to establish a stable food chain in a pond using Smallmouth Bass. Typically they will not control Bluegill, but would wipe out minnows, so the struggle is in finding the right forage species to balance the population. The answer might be Pumpkinseed. If you plan on trying this, you may need to be patient because these 2 species are sometimes in short supply. Also, if you want to go this route, you will have to be very careful not to ever add Bluegill or Largemouth Bass, as both of those species are more dominant and would almost certainly upset the balance.

Walleye & Perch Option

100 lbs of Fathead Minnows or Tuffies
25 lbs of Golden Shiners if there are Bass in pond
200 5-7” or 7”+ Yellow Perch
20 5-7” or 6-8” Walleye

This stocking option is designed to be added onto any of the Bluegill or Hybrid Bluegill plans, or you could try these species on their own. Also it is only for deep ponds that either have clear water or an Aeration System, because Walleye like to stay deep, and typically only these types of ponds have oxygen near the bottom. The plan is for the Perch to reproduce and the Walleye feed on them. This sounds easy, but Perch are somewhat unpredictable in ponds. Also, Perch are both predator and prey, and that is the reason for the heavy amounts of Minnows and Golden Shiners. Really, you need to monitor the pond over the years and make adjustments if you want it to work. Also, since Walleye typically will not reproduce in ponds, you should plan on restocking a next generation every few years.

Pumpkinseed Option

pumpkinseed

Reduce initial Bluegill stocking by 100 and add 100 Pumpkinseed.

By stocking both Bluegill and Pumpkinseed, it will force the Pumpkinseeds to feed on snails, which can help prevent the spread of some unsightly parasitic fluke worms. If Bluegill and Bass are already established, more than 100 Pumpkinseeds per acre may be needed.

Redear Option

Reduce initial Bluegill stocking by 100 and add 100 Redear Sunfish.

By stocking Redear Sunfish, they will feed on snails, which can help prevent the spread of some unsightly parasitic fluke worms. If Bluegill and Bass are already established, more than 100 Redear Sunfish per acre may be needed. Redear Sunfish are unable to overwinter in some northern locations. Note, Redear Sunfish are a southern species and may not survive winter in Northern Illinois or Wisconsin.

Northern Pike or Muskellunge or Tiger Muskie Option

1 to 2 Northern Pike stocked after Bass are reproducing – do not stock any Muskie or Tiger Muskie!

Or 1 to 2 Muskellunge or Tiger Muskie – do not stock any Northern Pike!

Ponds that have Largemouth Bass reproducing prolifically generally benefit from having small amounts of a larger predator species present. This large predator is more likely to feed on Bass than Bluegill, mainly because they are easier for them to swallow because of body shape. We do not recommend mixing large predator species because Northern Pike generally out-compete Muskellunge in the upper midwest.

Smallmouth Bass Option

Reduce initial Largemouth Bass by 25 and add 25 Smallmouth Bass.

It is very unlikely that Smallmouth Bass will sustain a population in a Largemouth Bass pond, but they stand a chance to grow to adult size and add diversity to the pond. If you keep your Largemouth Bass in check by harvesting the most abundant size class, every few years you can stock an additional 25 Smallmouth Bass and some minnows to protect them from the Largemouth Bass.

Trout Option

25 to 100 pounds of Brook Trout, Rainbow Trout or Brown Trout stocked in the fall.

Rainbow and Brown Trout require water temperatures below 72F and Dissolved Oxygen Levels above 5ppm – this eliminates roughly 90% of Midwestern ponds during the summer, but not during fall, winter & spring! You can stock these fish in the fall when water temperatures drop below 65F and they will be yours to fish until the first significant heat wave the following summer. In general, we recommend stocking twice as many trout as you want to catch.